tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-90929710589892291462024-03-19T05:32:44.242-07:00Paris: Biography of a City"Paris is one of the world’s greatest cities and a means by which we can explore the creation of modern urban culture, as it has manifested itself in art, architecture, literature, politics, and socioeconomic change."History Students Associationhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08723768860707553409noreply@blogger.comBlogger56125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9092971058989229146.post-27115328445462785332011-05-13T14:43:00.000-07:002012-04-02T22:15:38.285-07:00Grand Paris<a href="http://www.bustler.net/images/uploads/grand_paris_debate_04.jpg"><img alt="" border="0" src="http://www.bustler.net/images/uploads/grand_paris_debate_04.jpg" style="cursor: pointer; display: block; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; width: 400px;" /></a><br />
Like the presidents, emperors, and kings before him, French President Nicolas Sarkozy is eager to make his mark on Paris. Instead of proposing monumental buildings inside the city, in 2007 he proposed a comprehensive plan for "greater Paris" to integrate the suburbs and the city of Paris by 2005. In 2009, ten architectural and urban planning teams offered new visions of the city, which were put on public exhibition at the Palais de Chaillot. See those visions <a href="http://www.bustler.net/index.php/article/ten_scenarios_for_grand_paris_metropolis_now_up_for_public_debate/">here</a>.<br />
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Will any of those futuristic visions of Paris come true? Plan a trip to Paris for 2050 and find out.Sarah Curtishttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10162295267161766789noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9092971058989229146.post-76626895470694644792011-05-13T14:34:00.000-07:002011-05-13T14:43:20.603-07:00The Future of Les Halles<a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://graphics8.nytimes.com/images/2007/07/07/arts/07halls.span.jpg"><br /></a><br /><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://t2.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcSzK9A6wwl8mYM3lKmVLgTKf5B4dvt_PjEBBSsefwzKPKk_dobj&t=1"><img style="display: block; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 323px; height: 242px;" src="http://t2.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcSzK9A6wwl8mYM3lKmVLgTKf5B4dvt_PjEBBSsefwzKPKk_dobj&t=1" alt="" border="0" /></a><br />Few redevelopment projects in Paris have been as controversial as the demolition of the Les Halles central market and its replacement with a sunken shopping center in 1977. Now French President Sarkozy has proposed a face-lift for the aging structure. To read about the alterations, see the <span style="font-style: italic;">New York Times</span> article<a href="http://www.nytimes.com/2007/07/07/arts/design/07hall.html"> here</a>.<br /><br /><a href="http://graphics8.nytimes.com/images/2007/07/07/arts/07halls.span.jpg"><img style="display: block; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 382px; height: 179px;" src="http://graphics8.nytimes.com/images/2007/07/07/arts/07halls.span.jpg" alt="" border="0" /></a>Sarah Curtishttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10162295267161766789noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9092971058989229146.post-14631039219411074952011-05-13T14:23:00.000-07:002011-05-13T14:34:20.382-07:002005 riots in the Paris banlieue<a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjz0ec39TXkk5-cyCYVZD_iOnio0ofKxG3MpgA5fzXBwUJBq5vsDHvTwEf8SjEzFYA_5-3iDaJ-Oy-LCrPjrqe44RKhNNUrGDxeFaEkA2fa_vyVZhHQNKj1NINZ_ef3Td6tWAoMglJuGRo/s1600-r/paris+riots2.jpg"><img style="display: block; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 344px; height: 248px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjz0ec39TXkk5-cyCYVZD_iOnio0ofKxG3MpgA5fzXBwUJBq5vsDHvTwEf8SjEzFYA_5-3iDaJ-Oy-LCrPjrqe44RKhNNUrGDxeFaEkA2fa_vyVZhHQNKj1NINZ_ef3Td6tWAoMglJuGRo/s1600-r/paris+riots2.jpg" alt="" border="0" /></a><br />In late October 2005, riots lasting three weeks broke out in the Parisian suburb of Clichy-sur-Bois and then spread to other Parisian suburbs as well as those of other French cities. The rioters were French youth of immigrant, largely North African, background, whose educational and employment opportunities are limited. For a full analysis of the riots, see the articles compiled on the SSRC (Social Science Research Council) <a href="http://riotsfrance.ssrc.org/">website</a>.<br /><br /><a href="http://rpmedia.ask.com/ts?u=/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Paris_riots_satellite.jpg/270px-Paris_riots_satellite.jpg"><img style="display: block; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 403px; height: 261px;" src="http://rpmedia.ask.com/ts?u=/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Paris_riots_satellite.jpg/270px-Paris_riots_satellite.jpg" alt="" border="0" /></a><br /><a href="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7b/Paris_suburb_riots.png"><br /></a>Sarah Curtishttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10162295267161766789noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9092971058989229146.post-58278860326710407832011-05-07T09:00:00.000-07:002011-05-07T09:04:27.416-07:00King of Paris Fashion: Cristóbal Balenciaga (1895- 1972)<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://www.luxesf.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/02/balenciagaguide.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="http://www.luxesf.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/02/balenciagaguide.jpg" /></a></div><br />
<a href="http://deyoung.famsf.org/deyoung/exhibitions/balenciaga-and-spain">The DeYoung Museum here in San Francisco is showing over 100 works by the great fashion designer Balenciaga.</a> Although he was born in the Basque area of Spain, he left his homeland for Paris during the Spanish Civil War in the 1930's. The show highlights the relationship of his work to the heritage of Spain. Balenciaga reigned as one of the primary kings of fashion throughout the middle of the 20th century. If you are interested in fashion then this a show you must not miss!<br />
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<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://www.uri.edu/hss/tmd/pictures/FSTpics/FST07Balenciaga.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="167" src="http://www.uri.edu/hss/tmd/pictures/FSTpics/FST07Balenciaga.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><br />
<b>Balenciaga in Paris, 1960's style</b><br />
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</div>Jason Lahman-Goldsteinhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05830417592678019888noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9092971058989229146.post-18699571905003000462011-05-05T15:29:00.000-07:002011-05-05T15:53:37.793-07:00May 1968<a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://politics1.com/news/Mai68affiche-1.jpg"><img style="display: block; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 242px; height: 367px;" src="http://politics1.com/news/Mai68affiche-1.jpg" alt="" border="0" /></a><br />There are a number of websites dedicated to documentation of the events of May 1968 in Paris.<br /><br />For written material (pamphlets, newspapers, etc.), see the <a href="http://edocs.lib.sfu.ca/projects/mai68/">May Events Archive</a>, a digitized collection at Simon Frasier University.<br /><br />For posters, there are digitized collections at <a href="http://beinecke.library.yale.edu/digitallibrary/protest.html">Yale University</a>, the <a href="http://http//library.vicu.utoronto.ca/special/ParisPosters.htm">University of Toronto</a>, and a <a href="http://www.art-for-a-change.com/Paris/paris.html">private website</a>.<br /><br />Here is an <a href="http://libcom.org/library/May-68-Solidarity">eyewitness account</a> of the events in the Latin Quarter and <a href="http://www.photos-mai68.com/index.php?x=browse">photos</a> of striking workers.<br /><br />In French, you can find slogans, graffiti, eyewitness accounts, and a list of other French-language websites <a href="http://users.skynet.be/ddz/mai68/">here</a>.Sarah Curtishttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10162295267161766789noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9092971058989229146.post-29461158189757973992011-05-05T15:22:00.000-07:002011-05-05T15:27:55.874-07:00Boris Vian, "The Deserter"In the 1950s and 1960s, one of the popular songs in the Latin Quarter was Boris Vian's antiwar song, "The Deserter." Here's a subtitled rendition of it.<br /><br /><iframe width="400" height="325" src="http://www.youtube.com/embed/f0fxfog_ShY" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen></iframe><br /><br />If you want to know more about Boris Vian, there's a tribute page to him <a href="http://www.borisvian.com/">here</a>.Sarah Curtishttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10162295267161766789noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9092971058989229146.post-17871729400545248272011-05-04T08:51:00.000-07:002012-04-02T22:13:31.123-07:00Paris: Capital City of Modern Classical Music<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="http://designboom.com/tools/WPro/images/blog12/co4.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="245" src="http://designboom.com/tools/WPro/images/blog12/co4.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-small;"> The <b>Philharmonie de Paris</b>, a great symphonic concert hall of 2,400 seats, </span></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-small;">scheduled for completion in 2012 in the Parc de la Villette in Paris.</span></div>
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As you may recall the infamous modern ballet "The Rite of Spring" had its premier in Paris in 1913. Since then Paris has been considered one of the great cities for experiencing modern classical music. Hundreds of well-known composers and musicians came to Paris before and after World War II to study with the famous teacher <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nadia_boulanger">Nadia Boulanger.</a> She lived a very long life and was the first woman to conduct many of the world's leading orchestras- including the BBC Symphony in London and the New York Philharmonic.<br />
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<a href="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c1/Nadia_Boulanger_1925.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c1/Nadia_Boulanger_1925.jpg" width="255" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-small;">Boulanger in 1925.</span><br />
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<span style="font-size: x-small;"><b><span style="font-size: small;">Below is a brief clip of Boulanger in her last years still teaching eager pupils from all over the world. </span></b></span></div>
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In the 1960's Paris became known as a center for the study and composition of experimental electronic music. The controversial and charismatic composer/conductor <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pierre_Boulez">Pierre Boulez</a> led the charge into the new realm of using electronic media to transform classical music into something entirely new and shocking. He is famous for having declared that all of Europe's opera houses should be burned to the ground- something that not many people took seriously- lucky for us.<br />
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<a href="http://umslobby.org/wp-content/uploads/2010/01/Boulez-2-courtesy-of-CSO-by-Todd-Rosenberg_low.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="213" src="http://umslobby.org/wp-content/uploads/2010/01/Boulez-2-courtesy-of-CSO-by-Todd-Rosenberg_low.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-small;"> Although considered a musical revolutionary and artistic anarchist in his youth, Pierre Boulez has gone on to become one of the most sought after conductors in the world. He conducts everything from Beethoven and Wagner to the latest avant-garde classical music.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b>Here is a sample of Boulez' music, the challenging "Repons".</b></span></span></div>
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Boulez's greatest legacy is perhaps <a href="http://www.ircam.fr/ircam.html?L=1"><b>IRCAM</b> (<i>Institut de Recherche et Coordination Acoustique/Musique</i>)</a> which he founded in 1970 under the patronage of French president Georges Pompidou. IRCAM is considered one of the most prestigious classical music institutions in the world and provides an international roster of students, teachers and performers with an important venue to explore and create.<br />
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<span style="font-size: x-small;">Students/musicians on the exo-skeletan staircases of IRCAM, designed by the architect Renzo Piano.</span></div>Jason Lahman-Goldsteinhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05830417592678019888noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9092971058989229146.post-41534289812424000152011-04-28T11:34:00.000-07:002011-04-28T11:41:51.947-07:00Immigration to France<a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" 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" alt="" border="0" /></a><br />If you are interested in immigration to France and speak French, the Cité National d'Histoire de l'Immigration (the national immigration museum located in Paris) has a useful <a href="http://www.histoire-immigration.fr/">website</a>.<br /><br />For an overview, watch the <a href="http://www.histoire-immigration.fr/histoire-de-l-immigration/le-film">film</a>, and for personal stories, listen to the <a href="http://www.histoire-immigration.fr/node/11429">interviews</a>.Sarah Curtishttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10162295267161766789noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9092971058989229146.post-26200398489022979452011-04-25T14:27:00.000-07:002012-04-02T22:03:28.950-07:00Sebbar, The Seine Was Red<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="http://media.unswpress.com.au/hiresimages/9780253352460.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="http://media.unswpress.com.au/hiresimages/9780253352460.jpg" width="207" /></a></div>
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On Thursday, we will discuss Leïla Sebbar's novel, <span style="font-style: italic;">The Seine Was Red: Paris, October 1961</span>. Here are some discussion questions to consider as you read it.<br />
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1) What story does Sebbar tell about the events of October 1961?<br />
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2) What do we learn in her novel about the lives of Algerian immigrants to Paris?<br />
<br />
3) What is the relationship between generations in the novel?<br />
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4) How does the cityscape of Paris and its suburbs figure in the novel?Sarah Curtishttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10162295267161766789noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9092971058989229146.post-15315444360789678092011-04-18T21:35:00.000-07:002011-04-18T21:40:20.378-07:00Hitler's visit to Paris<a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://www.theage.com.au/ffximage/2007/07/23/ParisHitler_narrowweb__300x383,0.jpg"><img style="display: block; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 300px; height: 383px;" src="http://www.theage.com.au/ffximage/2007/07/23/ParisHitler_narrowweb__300x383,0.jpg" alt="" border="0" /></a><br />In addition to the archival footage of Hitler touring Paris, his collaborator, architect Albert Speer (left), published a description of the visit in his memoirs.<br /><br />You can read it <a href="http://www.eyewitnesstohistory.com/hitlerparis.htm">here</a>.Sarah Curtishttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10162295267161766789noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9092971058989229146.post-3143852458307387442011-04-18T09:23:00.000-07:002011-04-18T09:33:03.512-07:00Vichy: France under the Nazi regime (1940-44)<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/images/maps/vichy.gif" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="258" src="http://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/images/maps/vichy.gif" width="320" /></a></div><br />
Below is another very good lecture by Yale's Prof. John Merriman on the Nazi occupation of France during World War II.<br />
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<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><iframe allowfullscreen='allowfullscreen' webkitallowfullscreen='webkitallowfullscreen' mozallowfullscreen='mozallowfullscreen' width='320' height='266' src='https://www.youtube.com/embed/j4-BGTJDBY8?feature=player_embedded' frameborder='0'></iframe></div><br />
Film footage of Adolph Hitler in Paris.<br />
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<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><iframe allowfullscreen='allowfullscreen' webkitallowfullscreen='webkitallowfullscreen' mozallowfullscreen='mozallowfullscreen' width='320' height='266' src='https://www.youtube.com/embed/003iC7VZmYc?feature=player_embedded' frameborder='0'></iframe></div><br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><iframe allowfullscreen='allowfullscreen' webkitallowfullscreen='webkitallowfullscreen' mozallowfullscreen='mozallowfullscreen' width='320' height='266' src='https://www.youtube.com/embed/yrrcOB8yYUE?feature=player_embedded' frameborder='0'></iframe></div><br />
The late French film director Louis Malle directed "Au Revoir Les Enfants" (1897) a film about the occupation and the deportation of French Jews by the Nazis and their French collaborators. Malle drew on his own memories of being a school boy during this period. He was a witness to fellow students being taken away to the camps because they were Jews. <a href="http://rogerebert.suntimes.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20060507/REVIEWS08/605070301/1023">Read Roger Ebert's review of the film here.</a><br />
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<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><iframe allowfullscreen='allowfullscreen' webkitallowfullscreen='webkitallowfullscreen' mozallowfullscreen='mozallowfullscreen' width='320' height='266' src='https://www.youtube.com/embed/IXDLcrRb0X4?feature=player_embedded' frameborder='0'></iframe></div>Jason Lahman-Goldsteinhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05830417592678019888noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9092971058989229146.post-61451246604725529612011-04-15T17:02:00.000-07:002011-04-28T14:38:52.992-07:00Modiano, Dora Bruder<a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://covers.openlibrary.org/b/id/326265-L.jpg"><img style="display: block; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 225px; height: 346px;" src="http://covers.openlibrary.org/b/id/326265-L.jpg" alt="" border="0" /></a><br />We will discuss Patrick Modiano's novel/memoir/history/detective story, <span style="font-style: italic;">Dora Bruder</span> on Thursday, April 21. Here are some questions to consider as you read it:<br /><br />1) How much of the life of Dora Bruder is Modiano able to reconstruct? What does he learn about her? Her parents? Other Jews?<br /><br />2) What do we learn about the fate of Parisian Jews during the German occupation?<br /><br />3) How has Paris changed or not changed between the 1940s and the 1990s (when Modiano wrote this book)?<br /><br />4) What part does the cityscape of Paris play in his work?Sarah Curtishttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10162295267161766789noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9092971058989229146.post-42246912536502106932011-04-15T15:57:00.000-07:002011-05-05T15:56:33.951-07:00Josephine Baker, "I Have Two Loves"One of Josephine Baker's most evocative songs was "J'ai deux amours" ["I Have Two Loves"], containing the famous lines:<br /><br /><span style="font-style: italic;">J'ai deux amours -- </span><span style="font-style: italic;"><br />Mon pays et Paris</span><span style="font-style: italic;"><br />Paris toujours</span><span style="font-style: italic;"><br />C'est mon rêve joli</span><span style="font-style: italic;"><br /><br />I have two loves -- </span><span style="font-style: italic;"><br />My country and Paris</span><span style="font-style: italic;"><br />Paris forever</span><span style="font-style: italic;"><br />That's my pretty dream.</span><br /><br />The song was originally developed for her role in the show Paris qui remue [Paris Sizzles] in which she played a young native girl from the French empire in love with a dashing young Frenchmen. But audiences assumed that the "my country" was America. Later, Baker changed the line to "My country is Paris."<br /><br /><iframe title="YouTube video player" src="http://www.youtube.com/embed/xHrCvzj0MiQ" allowfullscreen="" frameborder="0" height="280"" width="400"></iframe>Sarah Curtishttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10162295267161766789noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9092971058989229146.post-63159122833813002762011-04-15T14:27:00.001-07:002012-04-02T22:19:38.461-07:00Popular music in the 1930sHard times beginning in the 1930s resulted in a wave of nostalgia and romanticization of working-class Paris that was especially evident in film and popular song. In René Clair's 1933 film, 14 juillet [14 July], a character sang:<br />
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<span style="font-style: italic;">A Paris, dans chaque faubourg</span><br />
<span style="font-style: italic;">Le so</span><span style="font-style: italic;">leil de chaque jo</span><span style="font-style: italic;">urnée</span><a href="http://dutempsdescerisesauxfeuillesmortes.net/fiches_bio/scotto_vincent/photos/petits_formats/pf_sous_les_ponts_de_paris.jpg"><img alt="" border="0" src="http://dutempsdescerisesauxfeuillesmortes.net/fiches_bio/scotto_vincent/photos/petits_formats/pf_sous_les_ponts_de_paris.jpg" style="float: right; height: 301px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-left: 10px; margin-right: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; width: 210px;" /></a><br />
<span style="font-style: italic;">Fait en quelqu</span><span style="font-style: italic;">es destinées</span><br />
<span style="font-style: italic;">Eclore un rêve d'amour</span><br />
<span style="font-style: italic;"><br />In every Paris district</span><br />
<span style="font-style: italic;">The sun, as it rises,</span> <span style="font-style: italic;"><br />For some brings into blossom</span><br />
<span style="font-style: italic;">A dream of love</span><br />
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In 1931, Vincent Scotto and Jean Rodor wrote "Sous les ponts de Paris":<br />
<span style="font-style: italic;"><br />Sous les ponts de Paris, <br />Lorsque descend la nuit,<br />Comme il n'a pas de quoi s'payer une chambrette</span>, <br />
<span style="font-style: italic;">Un couple heureux vient s'aimer en cachette.</span><br />
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<span style="font-style: italic;">Under the bridges of Paris,</span> <span style="font-style: italic;"><br />When darkness falls,</span> <span style="font-style: italic;"><br />With no money to pay for a room,</span><br />
<span style="font-style: italic;">A happy couple can secretly make love.</span><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><span style="font-family: arial;"></span></span><br />
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No one embodied this trend more than Edith Piaf, a singer who rose from working-class origins in the Belleville neighborhood of Paris to become a successful performer. Her most famous songs, "Je ne regrette rien," and "La vie en rose," both date from 1946, but this song from 1936 evokes the world of Parisian street children. The French lyrics and an approximate English translation can be found <a href="http://lyricstranslate.com/en/les-momes-de-la-cloche-bells-kids.html">here</a>.<br />
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<iframe allowfullscreen="" frameborder="0" height="325" src="http://www.youtube.com/embed/p1jlSsrxQ58" title="YouTube video player" width="400"></iframe>Sarah Curtishttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10162295267161766789noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9092971058989229146.post-22586320101098219682011-04-15T14:13:00.000-07:002011-04-15T14:25:48.110-07:00Riots in Paris, 1934 and 1935Here is the film clip I showed in class regarding the Stavisky Affair riots by the far right in Paris in 1934 and the peaceful counter-demonstration the following year by the Socialist, Radical-Socialist, and Communist parties in which they affirmed their solidarity in advance of the 1936 elections.<br /><br />The narration is in French, but don't worry if you can't understand it. At about one minute into the clip, the two demonstrations are separated by some shots of the Nazis marching in Germany (not in Paris!). The man making a speech during the 1935 demonstration is Socialist leader Léon Blum, who will become the French premier under the Popular Front government in 1936.<br /><br /><iframe title="YouTube video player" src="http://www.youtube.com/embed/L9B6PEDkC1Q" allowfullscreen="" frameborder="0" height="390" width="480"></iframe>Sarah Curtishttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10162295267161766789noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9092971058989229146.post-13366537318496039652011-04-13T09:05:00.000-07:002011-04-13T09:08:47.153-07:00The Lives of Josephine Baker<div style="text-align: left;">There are two very good documentary films about Josephine Baker: <b>Josephine Baker: The First Black Super Star (2005) </b>and <b>Chasing a Rainbow: The Life of Josephine Baker (1986)</b>. A third highly romanticized film version of her life was made for HBO in 1991, <b>The Josephine Baker Story,</b> and starred American actress Lynn Whitfield. The two documentaries are available on Youtube. The third film is not although I have posted the trailer.</div><br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><a href="http://i235.photobucket.com/albums/ee203/TheBoxSB/LegendBaker1.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="176" src="http://i235.photobucket.com/albums/ee203/TheBoxSB/LegendBaker1.png" width="320" /></a></div><ul><li><a href="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=D8M6vSZMB2U%29"><b>Part 1</b></a></li>
<li><a href="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NlP7nOSIgBY&feature=related"><b>Part 2</b></a></li>
<li><a href="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8QEbG-c6tmI&feature=related"><b>Part 3</b></a></li>
<li><a href="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=M-Z5hygBnuU&feature=related"><b>Part 4</b></a></li>
<li><a href="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=O1R06xNDGOI&feature=related"><b>Part 5</b></a></li>
<li><b><a href="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SUDvjxg9wKE&feature=related">Part 6</a></b></li>
</ul><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><a href="http://www.locatetv.com/movie/chasing-a-rainbow--the-life-of-josephine-baker/965198/placeholder.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="http://www.locatetv.com/movie/chasing-a-rainbow--the-life-of-josephine-baker/965198/placeholder.png" /> </a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"></div><ul><li><b><a href="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wfAup7drrls&feature=related">Part 1</a></b></li>
<li> <b><a href="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-6NtTB5wLdw&feature=related">Part 2</a></b></li>
<li><b><a href="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Lw9aeCjICLk&feature=related">Part 3</a></b></li>
<li><b><a href="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HMKvIzAb5R8&feature=related">Part 4</a></b></li>
<li><b><a href="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vcYBwcVdPBY&feature=related">Part 5</a></b></li>
<li><b><a href="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WJx_qkTNrtg&feature=related">Part 6</a></b></li>
<li><b><a href="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sUZtxlE3kFE&feature=related">Part 7</a></b></li>
<li><b><a href="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3tte4ZsWuag&feature=related">Part 8</a></b></li>
</ul><br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><a href="http://image.trustedopinion.com/the-josephine-baker-story_photo-picture-gallery-1_640x480.jpeg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="http://image.trustedopinion.com/the-josephine-baker-story_photo-picture-gallery-1_640x480.jpeg" width="211" /></a></div><br />
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<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><iframe allowfullscreen='allowfullscreen' webkitallowfullscreen='webkitallowfullscreen' mozallowfullscreen='mozallowfullscreen' width='320' height='266' src='https://www.youtube.com/embed/2weV8dtJb8A?feature=player_embedded' frameborder='0'></iframe></div>Jason Lahman-Goldsteinhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05830417592678019888noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9092971058989229146.post-26939031306173519842011-04-11T21:51:00.000-07:002012-04-02T22:23:25.404-07:00Orwell, Down and Out in Paris and London<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjTOa3H-d8GcsaaSLzOxb5k4ShewhHmuXxtRSacOf3NRZ0aO5lOO57tTQSNmUD3F1FsZqkXqLdD7bKDodstPZwzufhet5M1TyN1g0IjSDFsoe9O3ekHaTGxU3B2TLSPyhCgS7hNd6jnNV8/s1600/orwell1.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjTOa3H-d8GcsaaSLzOxb5k4ShewhHmuXxtRSacOf3NRZ0aO5lOO57tTQSNmUD3F1FsZqkXqLdD7bKDodstPZwzufhet5M1TyN1g0IjSDFsoe9O3ekHaTGxU3B2TLSPyhCgS7hNd6jnNV8/s320/orwell1.jpg" width="191" /></a></div>
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On Thursday, we will discuss the Paris half of George Orwell's <span style="font-style: italic;">Down and Out in Paris and London</span>. Here are some questions you should consider:<br />
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1) How does Orwell survive in Paris? What are the work and survival options for the penniless?<br />
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2) What kind of international community does Orwell find in Paris?<br />
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3) How does he portray the French?<br />
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4) How does Orwell's experience in Paris compare to that of Hemingway's?<br />
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5) Will you ever eat in a Paris restaurant again? (i.e. What do we learn about the restaurant and hotel trade in Paris?)Sarah Curtishttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10162295267161766789noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9092971058989229146.post-82446319206745797152011-04-06T21:50:00.000-07:002011-04-06T21:52:32.259-07:00Map of Hemingway's ParisHere are the locations of some of the key expatriate sites in Paris. Click on a blue place marker to find out what it is.<br /><br /><iframe marginheight="0" marginwidth="0" src="http://maps.google.com/maps/ms?hl=en&gbv=2&ie=UTF8&msa=0&msid=212404091238733334733.0004a04cb42205dbac173&ll=48.84372,2.328093&spn=0.00689,0.022724&output=embed" scrolling="no" frameborder="0" height="350" width="425"></iframe><br /><small>View <a href="http://maps.google.com/maps/ms?hl=en&gbv=2&ie=UTF8&msa=0&msid=212404091238733334733.0004a04cb42205dbac173&ll=48.84372,2.328093&spn=0.00689,0.022724&source=embed" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 255); text-align: left;">Hemingway's Paris</a> in a larger map</small>Sarah Curtishttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10162295267161766789noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9092971058989229146.post-79116037966838667212011-04-06T08:06:00.000-07:002011-04-06T22:07:14.556-07:00Surreal Women or "Yes gentlemen, SHE is more than just a muse!"<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><iframe allowfullscreen='allowfullscreen' webkitallowfullscreen='webkitallowfullscreen' mozallowfullscreen='mozallowfullscreen' width='320' height='266' src='https://www.youtube.com/embed/izmCqPSLNOE?feature=player_embedded' frameborder='0'></iframe></div><br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><iframe allowfullscreen='allowfullscreen' webkitallowfullscreen='webkitallowfullscreen' mozallowfullscreen='mozallowfullscreen' width='320' height='266' src='https://www.youtube.com/embed/CHyW1x5N5e4?feature=player_embedded' frameborder='0'></iframe></div><br />
<a href="http://www.sfmoma.org/multimedia/videos/185">AND (click here) for a short interview with San Francisco State's very own Professor Emerita Dr. Whitney Chadwick who pioneered the study of WOMEN and SURREALISM!</a><br />
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<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><img border="0" src="http://images.swap.com/images/books/26/0500276226.jpg" /> </div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br />
</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><i><b><a href="http://www.amazon.com/s/ref=nb_sb_noss?url=search-alias%3Dstripbooks&field-keywords=women+surrealism&x=0&y=0">Click here for lots of Books on Women and Surrealism </a></b></i></div>Jason Lahman-Goldsteinhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05830417592678019888noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9092971058989229146.post-90868392570487693082011-04-06T07:24:00.000-07:002012-04-02T22:25:51.321-07:00Surrealism or "The Reality Above"<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg5AM1smEm1lGMcTVJc0tgJG7dh8qQhG-4V0umq2ABt5P0YqavShS6r78Q-JxqNvX4vjPoLlFtQC05dCqLZ2s8GawcR3HRJU5brA5NdiyRg63q-ZClL0c11mnYlm8b675u-C54tJhLAagSJ/s400/eye.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="211" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg5AM1smEm1lGMcTVJc0tgJG7dh8qQhG-4V0umq2ABt5P0YqavShS6r78Q-JxqNvX4vjPoLlFtQC05dCqLZ2s8GawcR3HRJU5brA5NdiyRg63q-ZClL0c11mnYlm8b675u-C54tJhLAagSJ/s320/eye.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
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<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><b>The False Mirror</b>, René Magritte, oil on canvas, 1928</span></div>
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<div style="color: red; font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">
<b>SAY THE WORD OUT LOUD </b></div>
<div style="color: red; font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">
<b>THREE TIMES </b></div>
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<b>IN </b></div>
<div style="color: red; font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">
<b>FRONT OF A MIRROR </b></div>
<div style="color: red; font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">
<b>AT </b></div>
<div style="color: red; font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">
<b>MIDNIGHT </b></div>
<div style="color: red; font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">
<b>AND </b></div>
<div style="color: red; font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">
<b>SEE WHAT HAPPENS!</b></div>
<div style="color: red; font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">
<br /></div>
<b style="color: red; font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">(or just click the links if you don't like scaring yourself </b><br />
<b style="color: red; font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">or </b><br />
<b style="color: red; font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">if you believe something incredible could happen </b><br />
<b style="color: red; font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">and </b><br />
<b style="color: red; font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">the incredible is something that you are not accustomed to experiencing.)</b><br />
<br /></div>
<div style="background-color: cyan; text-align: center;">
<a href="http://www.robinurton.com/history/surrealism.htm"><i><span style="font-size: large;"><b>WHAT WAS SURREALISM?</b></span></i></a><br />
<div style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div style="background-color: cyan; text-align: center;">
<a href="http://www.mattesonart.com/paris-the-heart-of-surrealism-1924.aspx"><i><span style="font-size: large;"><b>WHAT WAS SURREALISM?</b></span></i></a></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<br />
<div style="background-color: cyan; text-align: center;">
<a href="http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/surr/hd_surr.htm"><i><span style="font-size: large;"><b>WHAT WAS SURREALISM?</b></span></i></a></div>
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<b><span style="color: red;">POST SCRIPT: </span></b><br />
<b><span style="color: red;">SEE WHAT COULD HAVE HAPPENED </span></b><br />
<b><span style="color: red;">HAD YOU TRIED THE OLD </span></b><br />
<b><span style="color: red;">MIRROR- AT-MIDNIGHT TRICK?</span></b><br />
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<span style="font-size: x-small;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjJlDQsCvjWVh8Rz6SGJsS8-1tY5n0VVtMpkh9cBrvQhF4IoBM8AIZMVZpnrUyT8jgPT21OqsidMoZmBPmx-F-tqGQ0zFL0xZSoHBr6SVVetyAzasTaU5XAiAn6xUK2QqXTpBI8wWzP7s4/s1600/Tristan+Tzara%252C+Paul+Eluard%252C+Andre+Breton%252C+Hans+Arp%252C+Salvador+Dali%252C+Yves+Tanguy%252C++Max+Ernst%252C+Rene+Crevel%252C+Man+Ray.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="206" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjJlDQsCvjWVh8Rz6SGJsS8-1tY5n0VVtMpkh9cBrvQhF4IoBM8AIZMVZpnrUyT8jgPT21OqsidMoZmBPmx-F-tqGQ0zFL0xZSoHBr6SVVetyAzasTaU5XAiAn6xUK2QqXTpBI8wWzP7s4/s1600/Tristan+Tzara%252C+Paul+Eluard%252C+Andre+Breton%252C+Hans+Arp%252C+Salvador+Dali%252C+Yves+Tanguy%252C++Max+Ernst%252C+Rene+Crevel%252C+Man+Ray.png" width="320" /></a></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-small;">The surrealist group in Paris, circa 1930. From left to right: </span></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-small;">Tristan Tzara, Paul Éluard, Andre Breton, Hans Arp, Salvador Dali, Yves Tanguy, </span></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-small;">Max Ernst, Rene Crevel, Man Ray.</span></div>
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<a href="http://www.visual-arts-cork.com/history-of-art/surrealist-artists.htm"><i><span style="font-size: large;"><b>WHO WERE THE SURREALISTS OF PARIS </b></span></i></a><br />
<i><span style="font-size: large;"><b>(and other places too)?</b></span></i></div>
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<i><b><a href="http://www.ieeff.org/paris.html"><i><span style="font-size: large;"><b></b></span></i></a></b></i></div>
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<a href="http://www.blogger.com/goog_1536466752"><i><span style="font-size: large;"><b>WHAT TECHNIQUES DID THEY USE &</b></span></i></a></div>
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<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surrealist_techniques"><i><span style="font-size: large;"><b>WHAT GAMES DID THEY PLAY?</b></span></i></a></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: x-small;"></span></b>"Surrealism" from the BBC TV series "The Shock of the New"</div>
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<iframe allowfullscreen='allowfullscreen' webkitallowfullscreen='webkitallowfullscreen' mozallowfullscreen='mozallowfullscreen' width='320' height='266' src='https://www.youtube.com/embed/dActaAa-teM?feature=player_embedded' frameborder='0'></iframe></div>
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<iframe allowfullscreen='allowfullscreen' webkitallowfullscreen='webkitallowfullscreen' mozallowfullscreen='mozallowfullscreen' width='320' height='266' src='https://www.youtube.com/embed/ZLmCh0xw4h0?feature=player_embedded' frameborder='0'></iframe></div>
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<iframe allowfullscreen='allowfullscreen' webkitallowfullscreen='webkitallowfullscreen' mozallowfullscreen='mozallowfullscreen' width='320' height='266' src='https://www.youtube.com/embed/s-SsWPNNBC4?feature=player_embedded' frameborder='0'></iframe></div>
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<iframe allowfullscreen='allowfullscreen' webkitallowfullscreen='webkitallowfullscreen' mozallowfullscreen='mozallowfullscreen' width='320' height='266' src='https://www.youtube.com/embed/a7BoINcU0vo?feature=player_embedded' frameborder='0'></iframe></div>Jason Lahman-Goldsteinhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05830417592678019888noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9092971058989229146.post-79038707361720317762011-04-05T13:59:00.000-07:002011-04-05T13:59:31.340-07:00Paris Was A Woman (1996 documentary)<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">From Zeitgeist Video:</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">In the early decades of the 20th century, Paris was the undisputed artistic capital of the world. Cultural titans Gertrude Stein, Colette, Djuna Barnes, painter Marie Laurencin, publishers and booksellers Sylvia Beach and Adrienne Monnier, and New Yorker journalist Janet Flanner (not to mention Ernest Hemingway, Pablo Picasso and James Joyce) were all part of the between-the-wars Left Bank inner circle. Utilizing groundbreaking research, newly-discovered home movies and intimate storytelling that intertwines interview with anecdote, this award-winning documentary re-creates the mood and flavor of a unique female artistic community who flocked to the City of Lights during its most magical era. This Edition features rare home movies of Stein, Alice B. Toklas and Picasso. </div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><br />
</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> <iframe allowfullscreen='allowfullscreen' webkitallowfullscreen='webkitallowfullscreen' mozallowfullscreen='mozallowfullscreen' width='320' height='266' src='https://www.youtube.com/embed/z2w3uosX8xk?feature=player_embedded' frameborder='0'></iframe></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br />
</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> <iframe allowfullscreen='allowfullscreen' webkitallowfullscreen='webkitallowfullscreen' mozallowfullscreen='mozallowfullscreen' width='320' height='266' src='https://www.youtube.com/embed/g64HK2-oS-g?feature=player_embedded' frameborder='0'></iframe> </div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br />
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</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> <iframe allowfullscreen='allowfullscreen' webkitallowfullscreen='webkitallowfullscreen' mozallowfullscreen='mozallowfullscreen' width='320' height='266' src='https://www.youtube.com/embed/pIITDcCsaKk?feature=player_embedded' frameborder='0'></iframe> </div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br />
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<iframe allowfullscreen='allowfullscreen' webkitallowfullscreen='webkitallowfullscreen' mozallowfullscreen='mozallowfullscreen' width='320' height='266' src='https://www.youtube.com/embed/T0BX3DUQG0g?feature=player_embedded' frameborder='0'></iframe></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> </div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br />
</div><span id="goog_4843610"></span><span id="goog_4843611"></span>Jason Lahman-Goldsteinhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05830417592678019888noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9092971058989229146.post-73723643017714445202011-04-05T12:02:00.000-07:002011-04-06T21:32:06.501-07:00A Moveable Feast, The Restored EditionIn 2009, Scribner published a new, controversial, version of Ernest Hemingway's <span style="font-style: italic;">A Moveable Feast</span>, edited by his grandson, Seán Hemingway. (The original version, which is the one we are reading in class, was published by his fourth wife after Hemingway's suicide in 1961.) Some of the controversy is over the portrayals of Hadley, his first wife, and Pauline, his second wife, who appears, unnamed, at the very end of the book. But the new edition is not necessarily more "definitive" than the old edition and many Hemingway scholars do not think it is more authentic, though it does include some new material.<br /><br /><a href="http://www.nytimes.com/2009/06/28/books/28hemingway.html">Here</a> is an article about the new edition and the controversy in <span style="font-style: italic;">The New York Times</span> and <a href="http://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/arts/books/article1259835.ece">another</a> in <span style="font-style: italic;">The Globe and Mail</span>.<br /><br />Hemingway's friend and biographer, A.E. Hotchner, wrote this disapproving <a href="http://www.nytimes.com/2009/07/20/opinion/20hotchner.html">op-ed</a> when the new edition came out. Scholars have expressed doubt with his version of events.<br /><br />And finally, here's a response from Seán Hemingway on Book TV.<br /><br /><br /><span style="font-style: italic;"></span><iframe src="http://www.youtube.com/embed/TiqqUWQso6g?fs=1" allowfullscreen="" frameborder="0" height="344" width="425"></iframe><span style="font-style: italic;"><br /><br /></span>Sarah Curtishttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10162295267161766789noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9092971058989229146.post-25248957144886799102011-04-04T13:56:00.000-07:002011-04-04T14:04:37.922-07:00Paris avant-garde art: two upcoming exhibitionsThis summer, San Francisco will host two important exhibitions of paintings that relate to the Parisian avant-garde.<br /><br />The first will be at the SF Museum of Modern Art:<br /><a href="http://www.sfmoma.org/exhibitions/410">The Steins Collect Matisse, Picasso, and the Parisian Avant-Garde</a><br />May 21-September 6<br /><br />The second will be at the DeYoung Museum:<br /><a href="http://deyoung.famsf.org/deyoung/exhibitions/picasso-masterpieces-mus-e-national-picasso-paris">Picasso: Masterpieces from the Musée National Picasso Paris</a><br />June 11-October 9<br /><br />Continue your education!Sarah Curtishttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10162295267161766789noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9092971058989229146.post-12189449015407978572011-04-04T12:44:00.000-07:002011-04-04T12:54:03.394-07:00Discussion questions for Hemingway, A Moveable Feast<a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://matthewasprey.files.wordpress.com/2009/07/hemingway1.jpg"><img style="display: block; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 350px; height: 379px;" src="http://matthewasprey.files.wordpress.com/2009/07/hemingway1.jpg" alt="" border="0" /></a><br />On Thursday, we will be discussing Ernest Hemingway's memoir of his time in Paris in the 1920s, <span style="font-style: italic;">A Moveable Feast</span>. Below are some questions to consider:<br /><br />1) How does Hemingway survive in Paris?<br /><br />2) In what ways is the city important to his writing?<br /><br />3) What are his relationships with the other expatriate writers in Paris?<br /><br />4) What impression of Paris does his memoir leave you with?Sarah Curtishttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10162295267161766789noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9092971058989229146.post-27206119750389962562011-03-26T07:19:00.000-07:002011-03-26T13:33:00.395-07:00A Salon at 27 Rue de Fleurus<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://jwa.org/system/files/imagecache/default_full/mediaobjects/Stein-Gertrude.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="242" src="http://jwa.org/system/files/imagecache/default_full/mediaobjects/Stein-Gertrude.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">Photograph by Man Ray, 1923 </span></div><br />
The American experimental writer <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gertrude_Stein">Gertrude Stein</a> and her life-partner <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gertrude_Stein">Alice B. Toklas</a>, held court at their Paris apartment 27 Rue de Fleurus for 33 years. Great authors, artists and composers visited them on a daily basis and Gertrude was responsible for helping to launch many a career. To learn more about Stein, Toklas and their world at 27 Rue de Fleurus in Paris see the links below.<br />
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<ul><li><a href="http://jwa.org/encyclopedia/article/stein-gertrude">Gertrude Stein at The Jewish Women Archive</a></li>
</ul><ul><li><a href="http://www.salon.com/life/feature/1999/11/18/alice">Gertrude and Alice at Salon.com</a></li>
</ul><ul><li><a href="http://writing.upenn.edu/pennsound/x/Stein.html">Gertrude Stein reading her own poetry, University of Pennsylvania Archive</a> </li>
</ul><ul><li><a href="http://beinecke.library.yale.edu/digitallibrary/stein.html">Gertrude Stein and Alice B. Toklas Papers at Yale University </a></li>
</ul>Jason Lahman-Goldsteinhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05830417592678019888noreply@blogger.com0